| Common name | Beta-Carotene (β-Carotene) |
| IUPAC name | (6E)-2,6,11,15-Tetramethyl-... (β,β-Carotene) |
| Synonyms | β-Carotene; Provitamin A; E160a (food additive) |
| CAS number | 7235-40-7 |
| Molecular formula | C₄₀H₅₆ |
| Molecular weight | 536.87 g/mol |
| Appearance (natural oil) | Deep orange viscous oil suspension |
| Appearance (synthetic beadlet) | Orange-yellow free-flowing beadlets (10% in matrix) |
| Assay | ≥20% (oil suspension); ≥10% (beadlet); ≥97% (crystalline) |
| Isomer composition (natural) | ~50% all-trans + ~50% 9-cis (Dunaliella algae) |
| Isomer composition (synthetic) | >97% all-trans beta-carotene |
| Provitamin A equivalency | 1 µg beta-carotene (supplement) = ~0.5 µg retinol = 0.5 µg RAE |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water; soluble in oils, chloroform; beadlet form water-dispersible |
| Melting point | 183°C (all-trans crystalline) |
| Heavy metals | NMT 10 ppm total; Lead NMT 0.5 ppm; Arsenic NMT 0.5 ppm |
| Pesticide residues | Complies with EU Regulation 396/2005 MRLs |
| Microbial limits | Total aerobic count NMT 10³ CFU/g; Absence of Salmonella, E. coli |
| Shelf life (oil) | 18 months (2–8°C, nitrogen-flushed, opaque) |
| Shelf life (beadlet) | 24 months (<25°C, sealed, away from light) |
| Storage | Oil: 2–8°C, nitrogen, opaque. Beadlet: <25°C, dry, away from light |
Every batch tested by HPLC for trans/cis isomer profile, total carotenoid content, heavy metals, pesticide residues, and microbial safety. Nitrogen-flushed, light-protected packaging.
COA reports all-trans and 9-cis content; confirms carotenoid identity; rules out synthetic adulteration of natural-labelled grades. Total carotenoid assay by UV-Vis also provided.
Algae identity, heavy metals, pesticide residues tested; free from marine contaminants and algal toxins; GMP-certified cultivation source documentation provided with each batch.
Particle size, dispersibility, beta-carotene assay, and moisture per USP/BP specifications. Nitrogen-flushed, light-opaque packaging for both oil and beadlet grades to protect against oxidative degradation.
COA, MSDS, Certificate of Origin; FSSAI compliance documentation for food-grade applications; Halal/Kosher certificates on request. Full documentation provided digitally before shipment.
Beta-carotene occupies a unique regulatory position — it is simultaneously a nutrient, an antioxidant, and a natural food colourant (E160a), making it one of the few nutraceutical ingredients used across supplement, food, and cosmetic categories. Specifying the right grade and form for the application is straightforward once the three key decision points are understood.
Deep orange oil suspension (20% or 30%). Supports "natural beta-carotene" or "from Dunaliella salina algae" label claims. Co-occurring alpha-carotene and xanthophylls provide a full carotenoid spectrum. Research suggests 9-cis isomers may have distinct antioxidant and biological activities not present in all-trans synthetic.
Available as oil (for softgels) or water-dispersible beadlet 10% (for tablets, beverages, and powders). Lower cost than natural algal grade. No "natural" label claim possible. Identical biological activity to all-trans natural in the dominant isomeric form. Excellent stability in beadlet matrix form.
For vitamin A equivalence in multivitamins: 2–6 mg/day corresponds to the RDA equivalent. Published safety literature reports an increased lung-cancer incidence among heavy smokers taking high-dose beta-carotene in the ATBC and CARET trials, and several markets restrict or require warnings on high-dose products as a result. Finished-product manufacturers should review the current safety literature and their market's requirements when setting inclusion levels and target populations. Documented risk. Label guidance for smokers required at high-dose formulations.
Oil suspension (20–30%) for softgels — best bioavailability when consumed with dietary fat. Beadlet 10% for tablets, powders, and beverages — water-dispersible for flexible manufacturing. Regardless of form, beta-carotene absorption requires co-ingestion with fat. Include vitamin E for shelf life stability.
Supplied as a bulk ingredient for further manufacture. Buyers are responsible for compliance with the regulations of their destination market. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
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